MIGRATION OF TERRORISTS IN SUB–SAHARAN AFRICA
Accepted
28 March 2026
Available Online
15 September 2017
Abstract
ENORMOUS PROGRESS HAS BEEN RECORDED IN FIGHTING BOTH TERRORISM AND MARITIME PIRACY IN THE YEARS FOLLOWING THE ATTACKS IN THE UNITED STATES IN SEPTEMBER 2001. THE PRESSURE PUT BY THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY ON EXTREMIST GROUPS AND SEAFARING BANDITS HAD SOME SIDE EFFECTS, NONETHE LESS. PIRATES IN SOMALI WATERS LEFT THE SAFETY OF THE TERRITORIAL WATERS AND VENTURED FURTHER OUT INTO THE OCEAN IN SEARCH OF NEW TARGETS. SOME OF THEM SAILED DOWN SOUTH AS FAR AS THE MOZAMBIQUE SHORES TO OUTSMART THE INTERNATIONAL WATER PATROLS. NIGER DEL TA VIGILANTES MAY HAVE USED PART OF THE ILLICIT MONEY GAINED FROM OIL BUNKERING TO SUPPORT THE JIHADISTS FROM BOKO HARAM. TERRORISTS, IN THEIR TURN STARTED TO SEARCH NEW VULNERABLE TARGETS OUTSIDE THEIR TERRESTRIAL OPERATION GROUNDS. THE HIGHJACKING OF THE CRUISER ACHILLE LAURO IN 1985 AND THE ATTACK ON THE AMERICAN GUIDED-MISSILE DESTROYER USS COLE OUTSIDE THE PORT OF ADEN IN 2000 PROVED THAT THE
Keywords
SEA PIRACY
MIGRANTS
SEA ROBBERIES
MARITIME SAFETY
FAILED STATES
Full Text
The body of this article is intentionally hidden on the public page. Please use the PDF reader or the PDF download for the complete text.
References
[1]
Campbell, John, Nigeria. Dancing on the Brink , Rowman and Littlefield Publisher, Lanham MD, 2011.
[2]
Chalk, Peter, The Maritime Dimension of International Security , RAND Corporation, Santa Monica CA, 2008.
[3]
Graf, Andreas, Countering Piracy and maritime terrorism in South East Asia and off the Horn of
[4]
Africa, Pirate_Working papers on maritime Security, Nr. 5, April 2011, p . www.maritimesecurity.eu/fileadmin/content/news_events/workinpapers/PiratT_Arneitspaper_No4_201 1_Graf.pdf, accessed 13 May 2015
[5]
Luft, Gal and Anne Korin, “Terrorism Goes to Sea”
[6]
http://foreignaffairs.com/articles/oceans/2004-11-01/terrorism-goes-to-sea “In 2003 ship owners reported 44 5 attacks in which 92 seafarers were killed and 359 were assaulted and costs in 2004 amounted to $16 billion per year”.
[7]
Laing, Aislinn Mike Pflanz, “Kenya university attack:’They were lined and executed’,
[8]
piracy-studies.org/terror-at-sea-exploring-maritime-targeting-by-terrorist-organizations www.maritime- executive.com/article/2014-Piracy-Terrorism-Diverse-Maritime-Threats-2014-03-14 Piracy, Terrorism and Diverse Maritime Threats
[9]
Murphy, Martin, Contemporary Piracy and maritime Terrorism. The Threat to International Security , Adelphy Paper 358, Routledge, New York, 2010.
[10]
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3021104/UN-rights-chief- -Boko-Haram-fighters-murdered- captive-women.htm#xxz23W8KkiNGV
[11]
http://foreignaffairs.com/articles/oceans/2004-11-01/terrorism-goes-to-sea
[12]
J Smith, Jennifer, “Terrorists plan to blow up oil tankers and highjack cargo ships passing through Gibraltar to wreak havoc on global economy”, www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article=2808633/Terrorists- plan-blow-oil-tankers-highjack-cargo-ships-passing-Gibraltar-wreak-havoc-global-economy.html
[13]
www.independent.co.uk/environment/oceans-need-theeir-own-seat-on-the-united-nations-says-royal- navy-expert-10302155.html
[14]
Young, Adam and Mark Valencia, “Piracy and Terrorism Threats Overlap”, The Washington Times,
[15]
July 7, 2003.
[16]
www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindian ocean/kenya/11514500/Kenya -university- attack-They-were-lined-up-and-executed.html
[17]
www.libertatea.ro/detalii/articol/Jihadistii-isis-expulzati-din-romania-539856.html☺