COMPARATIVE-CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF EXPRESSING FACTUALITY AND NON-FACTUALITY IN ROMANIAN AND ENGLISH

THIS ANALYSIS AIMS AT COMPARING AND CONTRASTIVELY INVESTIGATING THE LINGUISTIC PATTERNS USED IN ENGLISH AND ROMANIAN WHEN EXPRESSING FACTUAL, NON-FACTUAL, COUNTER-FACTUAL OR HYPOTHETICAL MEANING. MOOD IS OFTEN THE DIFFERENTIATING CATEGORY APPLIED IN ROMANIAN FOR SUCH SEMANTIC DISTINCTIONS . HOWEVER, IN ENGLISH, NON-FACTUALITY EXPRESSION PERTAINS TO THE AREA OF GRAMATICAL MARKERS , ASSOCIATED WITH A SEMANTICALLY FALSE FORM OF PAST TENSE. THE SUPERIMPOSITON OF THIS UNREAL PAST UPON NON -FACTUAL FUTURE, PRESENT AND PAST VERB PHRASES RESULTS IN SHIFTING EACH TENSE ON STEP FURTHER INTO THE PAS T, AS MEANS OF EXPRESSING NON -FACTUALITY. THEREFORE, THIS SHIFT IS USED TO TRANSLATE CONDITIONS , IN SEVERAL TYPES O F CONDITIONALS, AS A TRANSLATION OPTION FOR THE ROMANIAN “CONDIȚIONAL OPTATIV”, BOTH PRESENT AND PERFECT FORMS . THE SAME LINGUSTIC PATTERN IS ALSO USED FOR TRANSLATIN G PAST SUBJ UCNTIVE, NAMELY VARIOUS CONTEXTS, SEMANTICALLY CIRCUMSRIBED TO NON - FACTUALITY, AS THE TRANSLATION OPTION FOR THE ROMANIAN MOOD CONJUNCTIV PREZENT AND CONJUNCTIV PERFECT. THE PAST TENSE FORM IS MERELY FORMAL, USED AS LINGUISTIC MARKER FOR SEMANTIC NON -FACTUALITY, BEING THUS A UNREAL PAST IN SUCH CONTEXTS. TRANSLATION ERRORS OFTEN OCCUR IN RENDERING NON -FACTUAL MESS AGES FROM SOURCE INTO TARGET LANGUAGE WITHIN THIS PARTICULAR LANGUAGE PAIR, DUE TO TH E EXISTING LACK OF COR RESPONDENCE IN MEANS OF EXPRESSI ON TYPICAL FOR THE INVESTIGATED SEMANTICAL ASPECT, THAT OF NON-FACTUAL, COUNTER-FACTUAL OR HYPOTHETICAL MEANING.

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