UPDATE ON INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES ETHIOPATOGENICS
Corresponding author:
[email protected]
Accepted
27 March 2026
Available Online
15 December 2014
Abstract
THE INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES (IBD) CROHN'S DISEASE (CD) AND ULCERATIVE COLITIS (UC) ARE CHRONIC IMMUNOLOGIC DISEASES THAT CAN LEAD TO DECREASED QUALITY OF LIFE AND INVALIDITY; IBD ARE CHARACTERIZED BY ABERRANT IMMUNE RESPONSES TO INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA IN GENETICALLY SUSCEPTIBLE HOSTS THAT LEAD TO CHRONIC EXCESSIVE INFLAMMATION AND IN TIME TO PROGRESSIVE GUT WALL DESTRUCTION. IBD HAVE AN EUROPEAN INCIDENCE OF 12 TO 25 PER 100,000 PERSON -YEARS, HIGHER FOR UC THAN CD, WITH A PREVALENCE OF 0.5-1%. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS LIKE CIGARETTE SMOKING, POLLUTION, CHANGES IN DIET AND EXCESSIVE USE OF ANTIBIOTICS ARE INCRIMINATED IN IBD PATOGENESIS. THERE IS THOUGHT TO EXIST AN IMBALANCE IN THE INNATE AND ACQUIRED IMMUNE RESPONSES TO NORMAL INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA THAT ACTIVATES PRO -INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES AND LEADS TO A CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY PROCESS AROUND THE GUT BARRIER. THIS IN TIME LEADS TO INTESTINAL BARRIER DESTRUCTION AND EXPOSURE TO EVEN MORE BACTERIAL PARTICLES THAT FURTHER AGGRAVATE THE INFLAMMATORY PROCESS. GENETIC STUDIES HAVE PROVIDED MANY SUSCEPTIBLE LOCI FOR IBD. IT IS KNOWN FROM THE LITERATURE THAT GENETIC FACTORS ACCOUNT FOR 13.6% OF CD AND 7.5% FOR UC VARIANCE. IN THIS LITERATURE REVIEW WE HIGHLIGHT SOME ETHIOPATHOGENIC LEADS THAT ARE RECENT TARGETS OF CLINICAL AND FUNDAMENTAL IBD RESEARCH.
Keywords
IBD GENETICS
IMMUNOLOGY
THERAPEUTIC TARGETS
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