WATER POLLUTION IN NIGERIA AND ITS EFFECT ON AGRICULTURE: A CASE STUDY OF NIGER DELTA
Received
25 January 2022
Revised
2 March 2022
Accepted
12 March 2022
Available Online
15 March 2022
Abstract
THE PLANET KEEPS NUDGING US WITH INCREASINGLY EXTREME DROUGHTS, REMINDING US THAT WATER IS LIFE. WA TER COVERS 70% OF THE EARTH’S SURFACE AND MAKES UP OVER 60% OF THE HUMAN BODY. IT IS AN ESSENTIAL RESOURCE UPON WHICH ALL LIVING BEINGS DEPEND AND IT IS CRUCIAL TO ALL SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AS WELL AS ENERGY PRODUCTION AND ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE C HANGE. WATER BODIES CAN BE POLLUTED BY A WIDE VARIETY OF SUBSTANCES, INCLUDING PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS, PUTRESCIBLE ORGANIC WASTE, PLANT NUTRIENTS, TOXIC CHEMICALS, SEDIMENTS, HEAT, PETROLEUM AND RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES. WATER IS UNIQUELY VULNERABLE TO PO LLUTION. KNOWN AS A “UNIVERSAL SOLVENT”, WATER IS ABLE TO DISSOLVE MORE SUBSTAN CES THAN ANY OTHER LIQUID ON EARTH. IT’S THE REASON WE HAVE KOOL -AID AND BRILLIANT BLUE WATERFALLS. IT’S ALSO WHY WATER IS SO EASILY POLLUTED WATER POLLUTION AFFECTS MARINE ECOS YSTEMS, WILDLIFE HEALTH, AND HUMAN WELL -BEING. WATER POLLUTION IS AN INTERNATIO NAL PHENOMENON AND ONE OF THE FUNDAMENTAL ISSUES IN MANY DEVELOPING NATIONS INCLUDING AFRICA. IT IS ALSO A NOTABLE ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEM OF THE NIGER DELTA, NIGERIA. THIS PAPER INVESTIGATES THE PROBLEM OF WATER POLLUTION IN THE NIGER DELTA REGION, CAUSES A ND SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION, THE EFFECT OF WATER POLLUTION ON AGRICULTURE AND MADE RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SAME.
Keywords
WATER
POLLUTION
NIGERIA
NIGER DELTA AREA
ENVIRONMENT
Full Text
The body of this article is intentionally hidden on the public page. Please use the PDF reader or the PDF download for the complete text.
References
[1]
Atsegbua, L.A.(2003) Environmental Law in Nigeria. Theory and Practice, (Lagos) Journals 1 Abimbola O. Salu ,(1999) Securing Environmental Protection in the Nigerian Oil Industry MPJFIL (3)(2);337 2 Abonyi N.N, Environmental pollution and associated health hazards to host communities (case study: Niger Delta region of Nigeria). (2020) Central Asian Journal of Environmental Science and Technology Innovation vol 1 issue 1 <https://www.cas-press.com/article_95591.html.>Accessed 4 January 2022 3 Babatunde A.O (2020)., How oil and water create a complex conflict in the Niger Delta; University of Ilorin. <https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://theconversation.com/amp/how -oil- and-water-create-a-complex-conflict-in-the-niger-delta- 135105&ved=2ahUKEwi3nYD97fzzAhUYAWMBHc4UAcQQFnoECCoQAQ&usg=AOvVaw3 - 4btKM70DGYMNV019WAFz&cf=1. > Accessed 3 January 2022 4 Goldface – Irokalibe I.J (2008)Water Management in Federal and Federal –Type Countries: Nigerian Perspectives. <https://www.africaportal.org/publications/water-management-in-federal-and-federal- type-countries-nigerian-perspectives/> Accessed 4 January 2022. 5 Likpoemugh Elo Imiete & Nadezda Viacheslovovna Alekseeva. ,(2018) Reverse Osmosis Purification: A case study of the Niger Delta region. Water Scienc e 32:1, 129 -137 <https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1016/j.wsj.2018.04.001>. Accessed 4 January 2022 6 Nwankwoala H.O & Ngah S.A (2014) Groundwater resources of the Niger Delta: quality implications and management considerations. International Journal of Water Resources and Environm ental Engineering Vol 6 (5). <https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJWREE/article-full-text- pdf/5FE7BD944836>. Accesed 4 January, 2022 7 Olawuyi D.S (2012) Legal an d Sustainable Development Impacts of Major Spill. Consillence: The Journal of Sustainable Development; (9) (1) 8 Owa F.D., (2013) Water Pollution: Sources, Effects, Control and Management. Mediterranean Journal of Social Science Vol.4 No.8 9 Suleiman H.A. & AbdulKadir H .,(2017) Consequences of Water Pollution and the Way Forward Among Local Communities in Nigeria. The International Journal of Geography and Environmental Management, Vol.3 No.3 Website 1 Denchak M. (2018) Water Pollution : Everything you need to know <https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.nrdc.org/stories/water-pollution-everything-you-need- know&sa=U&ved=2ahUKEwiHsaz2vpj1AhUuzIUKHXuiC5UQFnoECAQQAg&usg=AOvVaw3P - dDnDqcq5I9kpSzNs97E> Accessed 4 January 2022 2 https://www.netregs.org.uk/environmental-topics/water/preventing-water-pollution/causes-of-water- pollution/ accessed November 3 2021. 3 W.H. Auden (1957) First Things First. <https://www.google.com/url?q=https://genius.com/W-h-auden- first-things- firstannotated&sa=U&ved=2ahUKEwiSt7m1vZj1AhXKz4UKHccHBwYQFnoECAkQAg&usg=AOv Vaw1gNMjV7But0NwydFIHvBna.> Accessed 4 January 2022 4 Environmental guidance for your business in Northern Ireland & Scotland, https://www.netregs.org.uk/environmental-topics/water/preventing-water-pollution/causes-of-water- pollution/ accessed November 3 2021. 5 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nat ions, ‘Inspire action to achieve the 2030 Agenda (2017)’. https://wateractiondecade.org/2017/12/09/water-pollution-from-and-to-agriculture/ Accessed 4 November, 2021. 6 Sources and causes of water pollution. https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/sources-and-causes- of-water-pollution.php. Accessed 4 November 2021. 7 UN (2010) International decade for action ‘water for l ife’2005-2015 https://www.un.org/waterforlifedecade/human_right_to_water.shtml , Accessed 4 January 2022 Regulations 1 River Basin Development Authorities Act, LFN, 2004 2 Environmental Impact Assessment Act LFN, 2004 3 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, 1999 (as amended) 4 The Waterworks Act of 1915 5 The Minerals Act of 1917 (as amended) 6 The Oil in Navigable Waters Act, 1968