Research Articles Issue 2 · 2013 · pp. 96–107 · Issue page

THE FREE MOVEMENT OF PERSONS AND THE BORDERS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION

PA
1 Romanian Diplomatic Institute
Accepted 25 March 2026
Available Online 15 November 2013
AMID A DOWNTURN TO THE EURO AREA, DISCUSSIONS ABOUT MIGRATION, COMMON POLICY ON SECURITY AND DEFENSE AND THE SCHENGEN AREA COULD BE OF SECONDARY IMPORTANCE. AN ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THESE POLICIES WITH THE ECONOMIC RECESSION IS MORE THAN NECESSARY. SCHENGEN ENLARGEMENT ON ROMANIA AND BULGARIA, UNFAIRLY STOPPED BY LINKING THIS DECISION TO THE COOPERATION AND CONTROL MECHANISM, HAS IMPLICATIONS ON ALL ASPECTS OF EU POLICIES. ALTHOUGH THE ROMANIAN BORDER POLICE MEET SCHENGEN CATALOGUE STANDARDS, DELAYING ADMISSION OF ROMANIA IN THE SCHENGEN HAS CONSEQUENCES DIFFICULT TO ESTIMATE AT THE PRESENT TIME. IT ACCUSES THE POPULISM AND NATIONALIST OUTBURSTS IN SOME WESTERN COUNTRIES, BUT IT IGNORES THE POLITICAL COSTS IN THE PUBLIC OPINION IN ROMANIA AND BULGARIA.
FREE MOVEMENT OF PERSONS MIGRATION MULTICULTURALISM SCHENGEN
The body of this article is intentionally hidden on the public page. Please use the PDF reader or the PDF download for the complete text.
[1]
Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, COM(2011) 743 final.
[2]
Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council, 'Biannual report on the functioning of the Schengen Area (1 November 2011 - 30 April 2012)', COM(2012)230 final, 16.5.2012.
[3]
Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, ―Circular migrat ion and mobility partnerships between the European Union and third countries‖, COM (2007) 248, 16 May 2007, Brussels.
[4]
Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament, ―The global approach to migration one year on: towards a comprehensive European migration policy‖, COM (2006) 73, 30 November 2006, Brussels.
[5]
Communication from the Commission of the European Union, ―The demographic future of Europe – from challenge to opportunity‖, COM (2006) 571, 12 October 2006, Brussels.
[6]
Communication from the Commission of the European Union, ―Policy plan on legal migration‖, COM (2005) 669, 21 December 2005, Brussels.
[7]
COM(2011) 292/3: Comunicarea din cadrul ―Dialogului pentru migraţie, mobilitate şi securitate cu ţările sud-mediteraneene‖; Programul de la Stocholm: Document al Counsiliului cu nr. 17024/09, aprobat de Consiliul European la 1 -2 Decembrie 2009; Planul de acţiune pentru implementarea programului de la Stocholm COM(2010) 171 finalizat la 20 Aprilie 2010.
[8]
Commission communication of 4 May 2011 on migration (COM(2011)0248).
[9]
Council Decision 1999/435/EC, OJ L 176, 10.7.1999.
[10]
Directiva nr. 360/1968 privind dreptul de rezidenţă al lucrătorilor şi membrilor de familie ai acestora.
[11]
Directive 2004/38/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the right of citizens of the Union and their family members to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States (OJ L 158, 30.4.2004).
[12]
European Parliament resolution of 7 July 2011 on changes to Schengen.
[13]
Human Rights Watch ( 2011), World Report 2011: Events of 2010, 2011, available at: http://www.hrw.org/en/world-report-2011.
[14]
International Displacement Monitoring Centre (2010), Internal Displacement: Global Overview of Trends and Developments in 2010, March 2010, available at: http://www.internaldisplacement.org/publications/global-overview-2010.pdf.
[15]
Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the establishment of an evaluation mechanism to verify application of the Schengen acquis, Brussels, 16.11.2010 COM(2010) 624 final 2010/0312 (COD).
[16]
Raport referitor la semestrul european pentru coordonarea politicilor economice: ocuparea forței de muncă și aspecte sociale în Analiza anuală a creșterii pe 2013 (2012/2257(INI)) Comisia pentru ocuparea forței de muncă și afaceri sociale.
[17]
Raport referitor la integrarea migranților, efectele sale asupra pieței muncii și dimensiunea externă a coordonării securității sociale (2012/2131(INI)) Comisia pentru ocuparea forței de muncă și afaceri sociale.
[18]
Raport referitor la propunerea de decizie a Consiliului privind orientările pentru politicile de ocupare a forței de muncă ale statelor membre. (COM(2012)0709 – C7-0410/2012 – 2012/0335(NLE)) Comisia pentru ocuparea forței de muncă și afaceri sociale.
[19]
Reţeaua de migraţie europeană (2011) Statistici fundamentale ale Uniunii Europene; Eurostat (2011) Populaţia şi condiţiile sociale, 38/2011, 34/2011
[20]
Regulation No 562/2006 (Schengen Borders Code). Regulation (EC) No 562/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 March 2006 establishing a Community Code on the rules governingthe movement of persons across borders (Schengen Borders Code), Official Journal of the European Union, L 105, 13.4.2006. Research and Science Today No. 2(6)/2013
[21]
Regulamentul nr. 1612/1968 privind libera circulaţie a lucrătorilor.
[22]
'Statement by Commissioner Malmström on the compliance of Italian and French measures with the Schengen acquis', MEMO/11/538, 25 July 2011
[23]
The 2004 Hague Programme, the multiannual programme for justice and home affairs
[24]
The priorities for Union action adopted in accordance with the rules established by the External Borders Fund. OJ L 144, 6.6.2007.
[25]
The proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the establishment of an evaluati on mechanism to verify application of the Schengen acquis (COM(2010)0624).
[26]
The Stockholm Programme adopted by the European Council in December 2009. Council document 17024/09, adopted by the European Council on 10/11 December 2009.
[27]
Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union
[28]
UNDP (2009) Depăşirea barierelor: Mobilitatea umană şi dezvoltarea , Raport despre dezvoltarea umană; UNHCR (2011) Tendinţe globale în 2010
[29]
Acosta Pablo , The Impact of Remittances on Poverty and Human Capital. Evidence from Latin American Household Surveys, 2008.
[30]
Andreea Lazăr , Concepţii europene despre apartenenţa naţională şi preferinţe publice în materie de politici ale controlului imigraţiei. Revista Transilvană de Ştiinţe Administrative 1 (28)/2011.
[31]
Alexandra Sarcinschi , Migraţie şi securitate , Bucureşti, (2008), Editura Universităţii Naţionale de Apărare ―Carol I‖Bucureşti, 2008.
[32]
Battjes H., E. Brouwer, P . de Morree and J. Ouwerkerk, 'The Principle of Mut ual Trust in European Asylum, Migration and Criminal Law', Meijers Committee, FORUM Institute for Multicultural affairs, Utrecht, 2011.
[33]
Bertozzi, S., ―Legal migration, time for Europe to play its hand‖, CEPS Working Document No.257, February 2007.
[34]
Bertoncini Y., 'Migrants, 'Schengen area' and European solidarity', Tribune - Notre Europe's Viewpoint, June 2011.
[35]
Caglar Ozden and Maurice W. Schiff , International Migration, Economic Development and Policy, World Bank and Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.
[36]
Carrera, S., ―Legal Migration Law and policy trends in a selection of EU Member States‖, Briefing Paper for the European Parliament, December, 2006.
[37]
Carrera S., E. Guild, M. Merlino and J. Parkin , 'A Race against Solidarity: The Schengen Regime and the Franco-Italian Affair', CEPS, April 2011.
[38]
Collett, E., The Global Approach to Migration: Rhetoric or Reality? , European Policy Centre, Policy Brief, Brussels, November 2007.
[39]
Docquier, Frederic, Raport Hillel , Skilled Migration: The Perspective of Developing Countries. 2009.
[40]
Fachini Giovani, Nielmann Gerald , The Political Economy of International Factor Mobility, 2007.
[41]
Garson, Loizillon , Change and challenges Europe and migration from 1950 to Present , OCDE, 2003.
[42]
Gh. Văduva, M. Şt. Dinu , Crizele politico –militare ale încep utului de mileniu , Editura Universităţii Naţionale de Apărare ―Carol I‖, Bucureşti, 2005.
[43]
Gordon H. Hanson , The Economic Consequences of the International Migration of Labor, NBER Working Paper No. 14490 Issued in November 2008.
[44]
Hatton, T.J. Williamson, J .G., Refugees, Asylum Seekers and Policy in Europe , IZA Discussion paper series, No. 1230/2004.
[45]
Stoica I., Migraţia internaţională şi securitatea – Noi provocări, Infosfera nr.1/2009.
[46]
Stoica I., Radicalizarea islamică în Europa, Editura Universităţii Naţio nale de Apărare ―Carol I‖, Bucureşti, 2007. November 2013
[47]
Jaroszewicz, M. and Szerepka, L., Migration Challenges in the European‘s Union Eastern Neighbourhood, Warsaw 2007, available at: http://www.isn.ethz.ch/isn/ DigitalLibrary/ Publications/Detail/?ots591=0c54e3b3-1e9cbe1e2c24 a6a8c 7060233&lng =en&id=105399.
[48]
Kahanec, M., Zimmermann, K.F ., EU Labor Markets after Post -Enlargement Migration, Springer, Bonn University and Free University of Berlin, 2009.
[49]
Koopmans, R., Statham, P., Giugni, M. şi Passy, F ., Contested Citizenship. Immigration and Cultural Diversity in Europe, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2005.
[50]
Leon-Ledesma Miguel, Piracha Matloob , International Migration and the Role of Remittances in Eastern Europe, 2001.
[51]
Lewin-Epstein, N. şi Levanon, A. , National Identity and Xenophobia in an Ethnically Divided Society, 2005.
[52]
Mădălina Ţugui, Migration effects on economic growth under the conditions of the global crisis, Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies, 2009.
[53]
Meyers, Eytan . International Immigration Policy: An Empirical and Theoretical Analysis , Palgrave, 2004.
[54]
Münz, R., ―Migration, labour markets and integration of migrants: an overview for Europe‖, Hamburg Institute of International Economics, September 2007.
[55]
Nascimbene B. and A. Di Pascale, 'The 'Arab Spring' and the Extraordinary Influx of People who Arrived in Italy from North Africa', European Journal of Migration and Law, 2011.
[56]
Orozco Manuel , Worker Remittances: An international comparation , Inter -American Development Bank (2003).
[57]
Pascouau Yves, 'Arab Spring and Migration: Will the New Global Approach to Migration and Mobility Respond to the Challenges?' in S. Biscop, R. Balfour & M. Emerson, An Arab Springboard for EU Foreign Policy?, Academia Press, 2012.
[58]
Pascouau Yves, Schengen and solidarity : the fragile balance between mutual trust and mistrust, Policy Paper, European Policy Centre, Brussels, April 2012.
[59]
Pascouau Yves, 'Schengen area under pressure: controversial responses and worrying signs', EPC Commentary, 3 May 2011.
[60]
Pritchett, L., Let T heir People Come: Breaking the Gridlock on Global Labor Mobility , Washington, DC: Center for Global Development, 2006.
[61]
Ratha Dilip, Worker Remittances: An Important and Stable Source of External Development Finance, (2003).
[62]
Roderick Parkes and Daniela Sch warzer, The Divisiveness of Mobility: Fuelling Populism in the Euro and Schengen Areas , German Institute for International and Security Affairs, Berlin, July 2012.
[63]
Samuele Munzele Maimbo and Dilip Ratha , Remittances. Development Impact and Future Prospects, World Bank, 2005.