Research Articles Issue 2 · 2020 · pp. 53–63 · Issue page

INTERDEPENDENCE AND ENERGY SECURITY – RUSSIA AND EUROPE – BUILDING BALANCE

GH
1 MA. student, Babeș Bolyai University, Romania
Corresponding author: [email protected]
Received 13 August 2020
Revised 7 September
Accepted 24 September 2020
Available Online 15 November 2020
THIS PAPER WILL TRY TO EXPLAIN THE WAY RUSSIA MANAGED TO INFLUENCE THE COURSE OF THE EUROPEAN ENERGY POLICY (FROM 2014 UN TIL NOW). MAINLY, IT WILL REFLECT ON THE ROLE OR THE INFLUENCE OF THE TWO STATE OWNED COMPANIES GAZPROM AND ROSNEFT ON THE EUROPEAN MARKET. TAKING INTO CONSIDERATION THEIR RESERVES OF GAS AND OIL, THEIR DELIVERY CAPACITIES AND PRICE PER UNIT, WE WILL TRY T O SEE IF IT IS POSSIBLE FOR THEM TO BE REPLACED BY ANOTHER INTERNATIONAL ACTOR ON EUROPEAN MARKET. ANOTHER AIM OF THIS PAPER IS TO UNDE RSTAND WHERE THE TENSIONS BETWEEN OPEC (MAINLY SAUDI ARABIA) AND RUSSIA WILL LEAD, WHAT ARE THE GOALS IN THIS ECONOMICAL WAR AND HOW WILL THIS AFFECT EUROPEAN UNION. THE FINAL PURPOSE OF THIS PAPER IS TO FIND POSSIBLE FUTURE SCENARIOS REGARDING THE ENERGY MARKET IN THE EUROPEAN UNION, SUCH AS A NEW HISTORICAL ACCORD BETWEEN OPEC AND RUSSIAN FEDERATION, OR THE REPLACEMENT OF THE RUSSIA OIL WITH ARABI AN OIL ON THE EUROPEAN MARKET, ANALYZING AND COMPARING OFFICIAL REPORTS AND DATA, SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES AND PAPE RS.
RUSSIA EUROPE OIL GAS SECURITY
The body of this article is intentionally hidden on the public page. Please use the PDF reader or the PDF download for the complete text.
[1]
Apostoiu ,Cătălin, “De ce Rosneft, cea mai mare companie petrolieră a Rusiei, câştigă mereu ”, http://www.zf.ro/business-international/de-ce-rosneft-cea-mai-mare-companie-petroliera-a-rusiei-c astiga-mereu-16707949.
[2]
Blas,Javier, Wardany,Salma and Smith, Grant, “Oil Price War Ends With Historic OPEC+ Deal to Slash Output ”, Bloomberg, April 12, 2020 . A ccessed Ap ril 14, 2020, https://www.blo omberg. com/ news/ article s / 2020-04-12/oil-price-war-ends-with-historic-opec-deal-to-cut-production ?sref=S t zN0HjU& utm _conte nt = bu siness &ut m_ source=facebook&cmpid=socialflow-facebook-bu si ness &utm_campaign=socialflow-or ganic& utm _me di um=social&fbclid=IwAR13uK tfZo5nr YFY vDd8 71apZ 4WJP 7MW 2ayBQB xwZ bF ebvhx-oVx5w-k-UU.
[3]
Busshuev , V. and Isain, N., “Нефть и инновационная экономика России ”, p. 161–166, Журнал НЭА, No 4 (16), 2012.
[4]
European Commission, “EU Crude Oil Imports and supply cost “,https://ec.europa.eu/energy/data- analysis/eu-crude-oil-imports_en?redir=1.
[5]
Fadeeva, Alina, “Минфин решил сохранить налоговые «нашлепки» для «Газпрома» и нефтяников”, RBC, September 10, 2019 . Accessed June 5 , 2020, https://www.rbc.ru/business/10/ 09/2019/5d76 0ab09a 794715 3289af37.
[6]
Geiger, Juliane, “Russian Crude Could S till Be Dirty By Mid -2020”, July 20, 2019, Oilprice. Accessed May 27, 2020, https://oilprice.com/Energy/Crude-Oil/Russian-Crude-Could-Still-Be-Dirty- By-Mid-2020.html.
[7]
Greenberg, Andy, “The Untold Story of NotPetya, the Most Devastating Cyberattack in History ”, August 8, 2018 . Accessed May 1, 2020, https://www.wired.com/story/notpetya-cyberattack-ukraine- russia-code-crashed-the-world/.
[8]
Henderson , James and Fattouh, Bassam, “Russia and OPEC: Uneasy Partners ”, p2, The Oxford Institute for Energy Studies (2016),
[9]
Henderson, James and Fattouh, Bassam, “Russia and OPEC: Uneasy Partners ”, p 3, The Oxford Institute for Energy Studies (2016). accessed April 30.2020.
[10]
Ibrahim, Youssef, “Oil Countries Approve World Cutback of 3% ”, The New York Times, March 24, 1999. A ccessed April 3, 2020, http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpa ge.html?res=9401E1 DB1F3 1F937A15750 C0A 96F958260&sec=&spon=&page.
[11]
Jasper, Jolly, “2020 set to be year of the electric car, say industry analysts ”, The Guardian, December 25,2019. Accessed May 2, 2020, https://www.theguardian.com/enviro nment/ 2019/de c/ 25/2020-set- to-be-year-of-the-electric-car-say-industry-analysts.
[12]
Kashirina, M. and Juravlev, M., “Особенности налогообложения при добыче газа в России”, Financial journal No.4 2016.
[13]
Mann, Joseph, “Russia’s Policy Towards OPEC”, Middle East Journal, Volume 45, 2009.
[14]
Mihail Khodorkovsky personal interview for TV2, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CcRupatMrbQ, accessed May 15, 2020.
[15]
OPEC Annual Statistical Bulletin, 2019, https://asb.opec.org/index.php.
[16]
Oppenheim, Beth, “You never listen to me: The Europea -Saudi relationship after Khashoggi”, Center for European Reform, May 2 019. Accessed May 20, 2020, https://www. cer.eu/pu blicatio ns/archive/policy-brief/2019/you-never-listen-me-european-saudi-relationship-after.
[17]
Poussenkova, Nina, “Lord if the rigs: Rosneft as a mirror of Russia’s evolution ”, JAMES A. BAKER III INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC POLICY OF RICE UNIVERSITY, 2007, p.47.
[18]
Putin, Vladimir, Минерально-сырьевые ресурсы в стратегии развития российской экономики , Записки Горного института, Санкт-Петербург, Tom 144(1), Санкт-Петербург, 1999.
[19]
Reed, Stanley , “How a Saudi -Russian Standoff Sent Oil Markets Into a Frenzy ”, New York Times, March 9, 20 20. Accessed April 22, 2020, https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/09/business/energy- environment/oil-opec-saudi-russia.html
[20]
Serghey Guriev personal interview, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTBiAGH1F0Y, accessed May 16,2020.
[21]
Statista, “European oil imports from 1998 to 2018 ”, https://www.statista.com/statistics/265303/oil- imports-into-europe/.
[22]
Statista, “Leading oil demanding sectors in the OECD 2017 ” https://www.statista.com/statistics/30 7194/top-oil-consuming-sectors-worldwide/,accessed May 1, 2020.
[23]
Tan, Florence and Yagova, Olga, “Oil traders sell dirty Russian cr ude to Asian buyers ”,Reuters, May 21,2019 . A ccessed April 24.2020, https://www.reuters. co m/article/us-russia-oil-quality-asia/oil- traders-sell-dirty-russian-crude-to-asian-buyers-idUSKCN1SR0XD.
[24]
Tavernise, Sabrina, “Russia Raises Oil Output and Exports”, The New York Times, August 24, 2001. Accessed April 4, 2020, http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.ht ml?res=9C0CE0DE1231 F9 37A 157 5BC 0A9679C8B63&scp=4&sq=Russia.
[25]
“The next shock?”, The Economist, May 4,1999, https://www.economist.com/spec ial/1999/03/04 /the- next-shock.
[26]
Walker, Christopher, “What Is ‘Sharp Power ?”, p. 9–23, Journal of Democracy 29, no. 3 (2018).
[27]
Zhdannikov, Dmitry, “OPEC, non-OPEC agree first global oil pact since 2001 ”, Reuters, December 10, 2016 . Accessed March 20, 2020, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-opec-meeting- idUSKBN13Z0J8.
[28]
ОАО «ГАЗПРОМ», ГОДОВОЙ ОТЧЕТ 2014, accessed 23.04.2020. http://www.gazprom.ru/f/posts/16/616270/gazprom-annual-report-2014-ru.pdf.
[29]
ОАО «ГАЗПРОМ», ГОДОВОЙ ОТЧЕТ 2016, accessed 23.04.2020. http://www.gazprom.ru/f/posts/36/607118/gazprom-annual-report-2016-ru.pdf.
[30]
ОАО «ГАЗПРОМ», ГОДОВОЙ ОТЧЕТ 2018, accessed 23.04.2020. http://www.gazprom.ru/f/posts/09/716075/gazprom-annual-report-2018-ru.pdf.
[31]
ОАО «ГАЗПРОМ», ГОДОВОЙ ОТЧЕТ 2012, accessed 23.04.2020. ,https://www.gazprom.ru/f/posts/21/499896/gazprom-annual-report-2012-ru.pdf.
[32]
ОАО «ГАЗПРОМ», ГОДОВОЙ ОТЧЕТ 2013, accessed 23.04.2020. https://www.gazprom.ru/f/posts/18/681453/gazprom-annual-report-2013-ru.pdf.